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Glycolysis pathway11/10/2023 Khib was initially identified as a novel post-translational modification (PTM) on histones in HeLa and mouse testis cells by Dai et al. ![]() PTMs are taking part in various biological processes and closely associated with the pathogenesis of various tumors. Previous studies have identified more than 400 different types of PTMs that play crucial roles in numerous cellular functions, including cellular proliferation, metabolism, and signal transduction. But protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), involving specific chemical alterations, have resulted in the formation of approximately two million protein entities. Human genes constitute approximately 30,000 entities, of which approximatively 2% encode proteins. Consequently, it is crucial to explore the pathogenesis of OACC and identify new targeted treatments. However, these interventions have a significant negative impact on patient’s quality of life, including changes in saliva volume, chewing ability, facial appearance, and verbal expression. The standard treatment options for OACC in clinical practice involve surgical intervention and radiotherapy. To date, drug treatment for OACC have not been standardized and the progress on targeted treatment has been sluggish. Recurrence rates within the 5-to-10-year range vary from 30 to 75%. The survival rate of OACC within a span of 15 to 20 years is approximately 23 to 40%. OACC is distinguished by a significant occurrence of local–regional recurrence and distant metastasis. Due to its rarity, limited research has been conducted on the pathogenesis and treatment of OACC. Oral adenoid cystic carcinoma (OACC), accounting for less than 2% of malignant head and neck tumors (3–4.5 cases per million annually worldwide), is a rare tumor of oral cancer. In February 2022, the China National Cancer Center indicated that the incidence of oral cancer in 2016 was 3.78 cases per 100,000 individuals annually. These findings may provide new therapeutic options of OACC. Khib may play a significant role in the mechanism of OACC progression by influencing the enzyme activity of the glycolysis pathway. Khib may increase the catalytic efficiency to promote glycolysis pathway and favor OACC progression. GAPDH of K254, ENO of K228, and PGK1 of K323 were modified by Khib in OACC-T. DEPs and DHMPs were strongly associated to glycolysis pathway. ResultsĬompared OACC-tumor samples (OACC-T) with the adjacent normal samples (OACC-N), there were 3243 of the DEPs and 2011 Khib sites were identified on 764 proteins (DHMPs). We investigated the DEPs (differentially expressed proteins) and DHMPs between OACC-T and OACC-N using LC–MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics and using several bioinformatics methods, including GO enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, subcellular localization prediction, MEA (motif enrichment analysis), and PPI (protein–protein interaction networks) to illustrate how Khib modification interfere with OACC evolution. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of Khib on OACC and its potential as a targeted therapeutic intervention. Without NAD +, the reaction in step 6 cannot proceed and glycolysis slows or stops. In an environment without oxygen, an alternate pathway (fermentation) can provide the oxidation of NADH to NAD +.Oral adenoid cystic carcinoma (OACC) has high rates of both local–regional recurrence and distant metastasis. However, if there is no oxygen available, NADH is not converted back into NAD +. If oxygen is available in the system, the NADH will be converted readily back into NAD + by the later processes in aerobic cellular respiration. If NAD + is not available, the second half of glycolysis slows down or stops. Thus, NADH must be continuously converted back into NAD + in order to keep this step going. However, the continuation of the reaction depends upon the availability of NAD +. ![]() NADH contains more energy than NAD +, and is therefore a desired product from this reaction. \), you will notice that during step 6, NAD + is converted into NADH.
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